Ida albicans is a harmless commensal yeast that becomes pathogenic when environmental changes trigger the organism's virulence factors. Therefore, Candida species are opportunistic pathogens in susceptible individuals. Oral infection caused by C. albicans known as oral candidiasis or candidiasis. However, C. albicans exists in the mouths of 80% of healthy individuals. Any alteration of the oral cavity environment can change the presence of candida from commensal to pathogenic. This translation into the candida state is due to many predisposing factors. In the past it was thought that oral candidiasis mainly affected the elderly and very young population. Recently, the incidence of oral candidiasis has increased markedly with the intensification of HIV infection and immunosuppressive chemotherapy ( 1 , 2 ). Oral candidiasis colonizes 5% to 7% of infants less than one month old. The infection is estimated to affect 9% to 31% of AIDS patients and nearly 20% of cancer patients (3). This review discusses possible causes, types of oral candidiasis, treatment and management strategies. Laboratory identification Candida can be obtained by rubbing a sterile cotton swab over affected tissue lesions in the mouth and then inoculated into Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA). Another technique is to use a sterile foam swab immersed in a liquid medium, such as Sabouraud's broth. The swab is then placed on the affected lesions in the mucosal cavity for 30 seconds and then transferred to an agar for culture. The last method is the oral rinse technique which requires the patient to hold a sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution in the mouth for one minute. The solution is then inoculated onto an agar medium at 37°C for 24-48 hours (1). Candida species...... center of paper ......icrobes Infect (2010); 12(7): 518–527.11-Shetti. A, Gupta. I, et al. Oral candidiasis: help in the diagnosis of HIV: a case report. Case Reports in Dentistry Journal (2011), article ID 929616, 4 pages12-Paillaud. And, Merlier. I, et al. Oral candidiasis and nutritional deficiencies in hospitalized elderly patients. British Journal of Nutrition (2004); 92: 861-867.13-Nunez. M, Novio. S, et al. Effects of psychological stress and fluoxetine on the development of oral candidiasis in rats. Clin.Vaccine Immunol (2010); 17(4): 668.14-Dutt. P, Chaudhary SR, et al. Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review of current knowledge and associated dental management. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (2013); 3(3): 320-323.15-Mutneja. P, Dhawan. P, et al. Menopause and oral cavity. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (2010); 16(4): 548-551.

Topic > Ida albicans is a harmless commensal yeast that becomes pathogenic when environmental changes trigger the organism's virulence factors. Therefore, Candida species are opportunistic pathogens in susceptible individuals. Oral infection caused by C. albicans known as oral candidiasis or candidiasis. However, C. albicans exists in the mouths of 80% of healthy individuals. Any alteration of the oral cavity environment can change the presence of candida from commensal to pathogenic. This translation into the candida state is due to many predisposing factors. In the past it was thought that oral candidiasis mainly affected the elderly and very young population. Recently, the incidence of oral candidiasis has increased markedly with the intensification of HIV infection and immunosuppressive chemotherapy ( 1 , 2 ). Oral candidiasis colonizes 5% to 7% of infants less than one month old. The infection is estimated to affect 9% to 31% of AIDS patients and nearly 20% of cancer patients (3). This review discusses possible causes, types of oral candidiasis, treatment and management strategies. Laboratory identification Candida can be obtained by rubbing a sterile cotton swab over affected tissue lesions in the mouth and then inoculated into Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA). Another technique is to use a sterile foam swab immersed in a liquid medium, such as Sabouraud's broth. The swab is then placed on the affected lesions in the mucosal cavity for 30 seconds and then transferred to an agar for culture. The last method is the oral rinse technique which requires the patient to hold a sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution in the mouth for one minute. The solution is then inoculated onto an agar medium at 37°C for 24-48 hours (1). Candida species...... center of paper ......icrobes Infect (2010); 12(7): 518–527.11-Shetti. A, Gupta. I, et al. Oral candidiasis: help in the diagnosis of HIV: a case report. Case Reports in Dentistry Journal (2011), article ID 929616, 4 pages12-Paillaud. And, Merlier. I, et al. Oral candidiasis and nutritional deficiencies in hospitalized elderly patients. British Journal of Nutrition (2004); 92: 861-867.13-Nunez. M, Novio. S, et al. Effects of psychological stress and fluoxetine on the development of oral candidiasis in rats. Clin.Vaccine Immunol (2010); 17(4): 668.14-Dutt. P, Chaudhary SR, et al. Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review of current knowledge and associated dental management. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research (2013); 3(3): 320-323.15-Mutneja. P, Dhawan. P, et al. Menopause and oral cavity. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (2010); 16(4): 548-551.