Introduction: The Middle East is considered one of the most studied areas in the world due to its rich political, social, economic history, culture and civilization. Its borders are still questionable from a geographical point of view, generally in the west it starts from Morocco up to Iran in the east, however, many scholars disagree in including Turkey either as a Middle Eastern country or as a European country (Milton- Edwards, 2006. P : 4). The origin of the name was invented by the colonies as a need to describe the place geographically, which was the time when the "Middle East" became the language of academic writings and political scientists. Changes, innovations and new ideologies create gaps between the transformations of any perspective at a different level of observation. The transformation of the Middle East from colonies to independent states was not a sudden event, as it went through many events and took many years to transform into what are called modern states. First of all, one must understand what a modern state means and how difficult it has been for Middle Eastern countries to meet the Western definition of a modern state. According to (Drogus and Orvis, 2012) the characteristics of the modern state are: territory, sovereignty, legitimacy and bureaucracy. Despite the importance of the Safawi and Abasi empires in the Middle East, this article will briefly explain the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and state formation after World War I, highlighting some of the patterns of social, economic and political transition, and consequently after having identified the main issues of the transition, which are identity, territory, cultural hegemony, economic integration and state autonomy, two examples of Egypt and Algeria with... middle of paper ......last world war2 and the most obvious ones they were: problem of identity, cultural hegemony, autonomy, territory and economic integration. While these problems still exist in the Middle East today, there have been notable changes in the economy and some aspects of political structures within the Middle East that are still being reconstructed and are still being debated towards modernization. Works Cited-Drogus, C. and Orvis, S. 2012.Introduction to Comparative Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press.-Fawcett, L. 2005. Middle East International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.-Milton-Edwards, B. 2000. Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.-Pappe, I. 2005. the modern middle east. London: routledge.-Smith, D. 2006. The state of the Middle East. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.