Sometimes there are individuals, like Howard Hughes, who are plagued by intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behaviors, or mental acts that they feel compelled to engage in. Individuals like this suffer from a psychological disorder known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). “According to factor analytic research, OC symptoms have been linked to three main dimensions of dysfunctional beliefs: excessive importance and the need to control thoughts (ICT), perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (CP), and excessive responsibility and overestimation of thoughts. threats (RT).” (Taylor, Afifi, Stein, Asmundson, & Jang, 2010) Two of these dysfunctional beliefs, perfectionism and overestimation of threats, are visible in the character of Mr. Hughes. Furthermore, Hughes displays episodes of anxiety, notably related to his overestimated threat potential, as demonstrated by the belief that "there are spies in his midst." Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have several plausible etiologies, including psychosocial experiences (such as parent-child relationships or traumatic life events) and genetic vulnerabilities (such as genetic inheritance, perinatal lesions, or infections). The presence of socially learned behaviors experienced in childhood, modeled after significant figures in their lives, have been reported as precursors to OC symptoms. (Villemarette-Pittman et al. 2004) “Evidence provided by Cavedo, Parker, and colleagues (1994) illustrates that overly protective parenting will lead to the development of OCD in children.” (Smari, Martinsson, & Einarsson, 2010) At the beginning of the film, a dramatic and powerful image is presented of Howard Hughes as a young man being bathed by his mother... in the middle of a sheet of paper.... .. atry Review, 6(2), 50-54.Smari, J., Martinsson, D.R., & Einarsson, H. (2010). Development and aging: Rearing practices and symptoms of impulsivity/hyperactivity in relation to excessive responsibility and obsessive-compulsive disorder. ScandinavianJournal of Psychology, 2010(51), 391-397. Taylor, S., Afifi, T. O., Stein, M. B., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Jang, K. L. (2010). Etiology of obsessive beliefs: a genetic-behavioral analysis. Journal ofCognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 24(3), 177-184.Thyer, B.A., & Pignotti, M. (2011). Guidelines for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Best Practices in Mental Health, 7(2), 84-91. Villemarette-Pittman, N.R., Stanford, M.S., Greve, K.W., Houston, R.J., &Mathias, C. (2004). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and behavioral disinhibition. The journal of psychology, 138(1), 5-22.