Compare and contrast the characteristics of external, internal, and construct validity Validity is an important aspect of research design. For example, in research it uses statistics as the main form of measurement. Validity applies to the truth of a standard. A measurement is valid, in general, when (Renata, 2011, 1) it includes what it aims to measure. Renata (2011) explained, “Internal and external validity are the two main types of validity” (para. 1). However, both show different aspects of a study's design and results. To distinguish internal from external validity, it is essential to understand what the term validity itself means with respect to the research design. Validity applies to the truth or probable truth of a deductive debate. Alexander (2007) goes on to describe, “An argument is a set of statements involving true or false facts and a conclusion that follows from those statements” (para. 1). Support can be given to a set of circumstances that lead to a conclusion or verdict, this is how the constitutional system works. Alexander (227) states, “Either the evidence supports the conclusion, or it does not, thus giving it validity or not” (para. 1). For example, all men are mortal or James is a man. True arguments considered deductive. Arguments that are probably true are said to be inductive. Alexander (2007) revealed: “Even when arguments appear to be valid, the question of logic should be introduced as a further guarantee that an argument is sound” (para. 2). A controversy is deductively legitimate when all premises and conclusions are true. In cases where the premises are accurate, but the completion is wrong, the dispute becomes indefensible. Overall, there are many different types of validity, although......middle of paper......feScript.comLeed, P.D., & Ormrod, J.E. (2010). Practical Research: Planning and Design (9 ed.). New Jersey, New York, United States of America: Merrill.MacKenzie, S. (2003). The dangers of poor conceptualization of constructs. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 31, 323-326. doi:10.1177/0092070303031003011McCroskey, J. R. (2006). An introduction to classroom communication: The role of communication in teaching and training. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Renata, R. (2011, September 11). eHow: What is the difference between internal and external validity of a research study design? Retrieved December 10, 2013, from What is the Difference Between Internal and External Validity of Research Study Design?: http://www.eHow.comWhite, D. a. (1965). Construction of confounding planes for mixed factorial design. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 36, 1256-1271.