The Rise of Neolithic Social Complexity displayed prominent and severe elements of social complexity and inequality through the evidence of material culture. In particular, archaeological studies and findings regarding the first emergence of agriculture introduced by the Natufian community have been a highly controversial issue among scholars. On the one hand, there were archaeologists who conformed to the idea of ​​cultural evolution by suggesting the effects of the Younger Dryas as the main factor that independently led the Natufian cultural change towards sedentarity during the sudden cold climate event, uniformly domesticating animals and intensifying plant production throughout the Levant. (Bar-Yosef et al. 1991: 17-19). On the other hand, there was evidence to suggest that in the late Natufian period there was immense mobility in hunting and scavenging practices, suggesting that the Natufians were instead complex hunters and gatherers (Maher et al. 2012: 68- 70). In a sense, this last statement affirmed the idea that the Natufian community represented a certain degree of social complexity because they were trying to adapt and survive due to social fluctuations by effectively renewing their hunting practices and materialistic innovation to intensify further their subsistence economy when necessary. Therefore, this article will discuss how Natufian cultural change does not necessarily conform to the Younger Dryas structural-functionalist approach as a prime and independent mover towards the emergence of agriculture, while developing alternative socio-ecological models to formally assess whether the gradual sedentary lifestyle and resource intensification could have acted as a catalyst towards the transition of the Natufian subsistence economy towards agriculture... middle of the document... Pre-Neolithic farming village on the Euphrates. Scientific American, INC, 62-71. Nishiaki, Yoshihiro., & Matsutani, Toshio (2001). Tell Kosak Shamali: The archaeological investigation of the Upper Euphrates, Syria. Tokyo: Oxbow Books. 10-156.Rosen, M. Arlene.,& Rivera-Collazo, Isabel (2012). Climate change, cycles of adaptation, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleitoscene/Olecene transition in the Levant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science US A. 109(10): 3640–3645.Twiss, K. C. (2008). Transformation into an early agricultural society: feasting in the Southern Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 27, 419-439. Weinstein-Evron, Mina (2009). Archeology in the Archives: Unveiling the Natufian Culture of Mount Carmel. Monograph of the American School of Prehistoric Research. 5-148.