Focuses on the psychology of viewing art and pays unique attention to color perception. According to Arnheim, the absence of color deprives the most efficient element of discrimination (Arnheim, 1974, p. 330). He uses the example of cats and dogs because they are biologically color blind. These animals would be able to efficiently identify a ball rolling across a lawn if they could perceive its color. Cats and dogs can differentiate objects only because of the different textures in their environment. This example shows the importance of having the ability to perceive color because it allows us to correctly discriminate our world. Arnheim also points out that different people or different cultures cannot be assumed to have the same standards for what colors are similar or different (Arnheim, p. 332). Different cultures can distinguish plant colors better than more industrialized cultures. A tribe heavily involved in agriculture may possess more words to describe different shades of green in their crops more effectively than differentiating different shades of blue. Although Arnheim states that person of color is the same for individuals of different backgrounds, ages, and cultures. Color differentiation may vary among different groups of people, but color perception is generally similar.