IntroductionThis literature review will examine the areas in which HRM is concerned with managing a diverse workforce in associations for ongoing economic benefits and government legislation which encourages, motivates and enforces diversity management in South Africa. This will be done by analyzing articles and works in relation to the Sasol company and its subsidiaries in the country. Diversity has been referred to as the set of variations that make people who they are and their combined abilities to contribute to organizational goals (Arthur & McCombs, 2008). “Diversity management refers to voluntary organizational actions designed to create greater inclusion of employees from diverse backgrounds in formal and informal organizational structures through deliberate policies and programs.” (Hays-Thomas, 2004.; Kaiser & Prange, 2004; Nyambegera, 2002; Ozbilgin & Tatli, 2008.; Palmer, 2003.; Palmi, 2001. As noted at: http://www.sagepub.com/upm- data/35190_Chapter10.pdf), while Arthur & McCombs, (2008) argued that diversity management has been identified as a sensible decision and commitment made by a company in terms of the significance of variations in the workforce through the use of diversity as the foundation of power to achieve corporate objectives. Diversity in the workplace is reflected in every characteristic that differentiates individuals (Hartel, Fujimoto, Strybosch & Fitzpatrick, 2007). Role of HR in Managing a Diverse Workforce for Sustained Competitive Advantage The role of HR in managing diversity has been to drive continuous cultural transformation and long-term results. in reaction to the changing job market (Arthur & McCombs, 2008). Arthur & McCombs (2008) stated that SHRM and Fortune Magazine reflected that 52% of the...... half of the paper ...... published May 1, 2014., Retrieved from URL: http:// www.sasol .com/sustainability/our-peopleSouth African Department of Trade and Industry. (2007). The DTI welcomes the Sasol BEE agreement. Accessed 1 May 2014. Retrieved from URL: http://www.gov.za/speeches/2007/07091416151005.htmStarks & Brooks (2009), What are the important aspects of successful human resource management? Journal of Management, 70(05), 198-276. South African Department of Trade and Industry. (2013). Law no. 46 of 2013, Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Amendment Act, 2013. Official Journal, 27 January 2014. Accessed 1 May 2014. Retrieved from URL: https://www.thedti.gov.za/business_regulation/acts / BEE-Amendment_ACT2013.pdfWilson, E. M., & Iles, P. A. (1999). Managing diversity: a challenge for employment and service provision. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 12(1), 27-49.