Clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction, thus encouraging good health, good adaptive thinking and a healthy lifestyle. People who work in this field research the mental dysfunctions suffered by patients, evaluate their cognitive mental state, and perform psychotherapy to reduce psychological symptoms and/or underlying causes. There are many subdivisions of therapies focused on different treatment/prevention pathways. . From a biological point of view, chemotherapy and psychosurgery are available; but below I will discuss the treatments available on a psychological level. From a psychological point of view, there are various treatments, mainly the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. The main psychodynamic therapies are psychoanalysis and brief psychodynamic therapy, while the main behavioral approaches are behavior therapy and behavior modification. These psychotherapies involve the analyst's full participation in talking about and understanding the patient's neurotic symptoms, thus reducing them. The therapist essentially focuses on “listening to and participating in the client's exploration and experience of what is happening between them” (Oatley 1984). Some involve group or family therapy; alternatively, the most popular type is individual individual therapy, such as psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches. Psychoanalysis was approached by Sigmund Freud, with the aim “to achieve and radically reconstruct the personality” (Fonagy 1995), providing insights into self-understanding for patients, with maladaptive behaviors. Freud worked with patients who expressed different symptoms which he studied based on personality differences. This leads to the distinction of three...... half of the article...... Heinrichs S. C and Carey R. J (2011) Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: neural mechanisms and their treatment implications, Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior, 97, pp. 619–625. Maat S., Jonghe F, Schoevers R and Dekker J, (2009) Effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy, Harv Rev Psychiatry, 17, pp. 1 – 23. Mechelli A (2010). Psychoanalysis on the couch: can neuroscience provide the answers? Medical Hypotheses, 75, pp. 594–599. Quirk G. J, Pare D, Richardson R., Herry C., Monfils MH, Schiller D and Vicentic A (2010), Erasing Fear Memories with Extinction Training, The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, pp. 14993–14997.Vladescu JC and Kodak T (2011) A review of recent studies on differential reinforcement during skill acquisition in early intervention, Journal of Applied behavior analysis, 43, pp. 351–355.