At the end of the 19th century, 60 years had passed since China's defeat in the Opium Wars and the approval of the Treaty of Nanjing which opened trade with Great Britain. This treaty had an economic connection but ultimately also aroused a lot of sociological pressure from the strong Christian nation which did not go unnoticed by the Chinese who were eager to resist any changes to their already advanced culture. Under a weak governing body, an insurrectionist's best method of retaliation against the influence of a strong foreign power was cohesive guerrilla warfare. By 1898, Christian missionaries had already enacted laws that created such a wide disparity between Chinese converts and others that many Chinese sought different methods, including rebellion, to try to stop the segregation. The Boxers, a popular rebel group who used an ancient and spiritual form of self-defense called martial arts to lead the Boxer Rebellion, served as a leader in starting trench warfare against the powerful influences of the West. Many believed that in a time of such corruption in religion by Western missionaries, the Boxer Reb...