In the previous document, I discussed the phenomenon of jaywalking, specifically the “jaywalking culture” around the UW Seattle campus. My observation is that, in a group context, pedestrians are more likely to cross the intersection illegally if others are walking off the road. Next, the questions to ask are: why do people walk off the road? What are some other implications of this disobedient behavior? In "Jaywalking as a Function of Model Behavior" (1990), Brian Mullen, Carolyn Copper, and James E. Driskell offered some explanations as a means of understanding jaywalking and its effects in a social context. They conducted a meta-analysis on seven jaywalk studies that included four experimental models: high-status obedient model, high-status disobedient model, low-status obedient model, and low-status disobedient model. By comparing various data, it was concluded that while both obedient and disobedient models affect the frequency of jaywalking, disobedient models gain greater social influence on other pedestrians than obedient models (Mullen et al. 1990). In addition to the "anti-normative" action itself, two other variables also contribute to building the phenomenon: the status of the walker and the size of the city (Mullen et al. 1990). Disobedient role models have a greater influence on others, mainly for two reasons: first, individuals who perform disobedient behaviors attract more attention than those who perform obedient behaviors. (Mullen et al. 1990) Other pedestrians are inclined to pay more attention to inappropriate behaviors such as jaywalking. When pedestrians legally cross the intersection, not much attention is paid to them because they are performing an act seen as normal, meaning everyone follows the rules as they should. However,…half of the article…is based on a meta-analysis of several studies. While both obedient and disobedient models exert a significant effect on the frequency of jaywalking, disobedient models produce a greater impact than obedient models (Mullen et al. 1990). Furthermore, the difference in status between models, city size, and pace of life contributes to the extent of jaywalking. As a disobedient behavior, loitering on the UW campus as a social phenomenon is shaped by multiple factors. Works Cited Mullen, Brian, Carolyn Copper, and James E. Driskell. “Jaywalking as a function of model behavior.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16.2 (1990): 320 – 330Becker, S. Howard, “Which Side Are We On?” The Intersection Collection Pearson Custom SociologyDiener, E. “Deindividuation: The Absence of Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation in Group Members.” Psychology of group influence (1980)