Underdevelopment can be understood in relation to development. Development is explained by the Oxford Dictionary as the process of developing or developing into a specific state of growth or advancement. Underdeveloped, according to the Oxford Dictionary means "not fully developed or not advanced economically", meaning a country or region. We can certainly see the difference between underdeveloped and developed where the changing situation emerges economically. To be more specific, worlds within the world were created, that is, the nomenclature of First World and Third World was created. The First World is said to be the industrialized and capitalist countries of Western Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand that are developed (as explained in the definition). The Third World includes developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that are still developing. We normally understand that the underdevelopment situation is due to the fact that the third world has been under colonies or colonial rule for a certain period of time and is lagging behind the first world in all aspects such as social, economic, political progress and technological ones that have yet to be achieved. seen in the third world in every way as in the first world. In this article we will talk about various theorists: Karl Marx (capitalism and class conflict), Kay and Amin (merchant capitalism, colonialism and neocolonialism), Vladimir Lenin (imperialism), Andre Gunder Frank (dependence on the third world), Lipton (urban bias ) and dependency theory. Here in this article we will try to explain and understand the relevance of various theories of underdevelopment and different attributes related to it in terms of Indian context. Before pro...... middle of the document ...... 12 million child laborers in India. They are employed in textile factories, truck stops (dhabas), hotels, domestic workers, mines and so on. They are also seen doing dangerous jobs in the firecracker and match industries. This is not a new scenario for India. The government has taken proactive measures to address this issue through strict enforcement of policies and laws. The main cause of this problem is said to be poverty, which is a major obstacle to development. In 2006, the Indian government introduced a law that no child under 14 should work. But this law came into effect in 2008. According to the definition of underdevelopment, it can be said that there can be many factors that lead a developing country to be called underdeveloped, but economics is something that captures the whole topic in each factor discussed.