Flaubert criticizes the values ​​of the bourgeois class through the events that lead to the fall of Emma Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, written in 1856, is a realist novel that tells the story of Emma Bovary, wife of a doctor. Emma has several adulterous affairs, spends all her husband's money and ultimately commits suicide. Through the events and factors that led to Emma's downfall, Flaubert criticizes the bourgeois class by revealing the problems inherent in its values. In Madame Bovary, Flaubert constantly reminds the reader of the powerlessness of middle-class women of his era, who tend to be defined primarily through the men in their lives, thus lacking the power to live and pursue their own interests independently. This social constraint plays a significant role in Emma's downfall, as she is unable to fulfill her own aspiration of becoming a member of the upper class. Emma is forced to depend on her husband Charles, whose laziness and incompetence prevent him from achieving higher financial status, which in turn fuels Emma's complete dissatisfaction with life. Emma's relationships with both lovers further contrast her lack of influence with the men's absolute freedom. While they both choose to abandon her after realizing she's not worth their time, Emma has no choice but to remain faithful to her marriage. Emma is painfully aware of the situation she finds herself in, which is why she desperately wants a child, because “a man, at least, is free; can explore all passions and all countries, overcome obstacles, savor the furthest pleasures”; a son would have the power she lacks. This quote clearly shows Flaubert's understanding and disapproval of the plight of women who... middle of paper... sells all her possessions to pay off endless debts before dying prematurely due to depression. Their completely innocent daughter Berthe is sent to live with a distant relative and forced to work in a cotton factory. Through these mixed results, Flaubert criticizes society for allowing the greedy, selfish, and cold-hearted to prosper, while letting their victims lose everything and die in misery. In Madame Bovary, Flaubert is able to convey his dislike of the narrow-minded and selfish middle class. through many unfortunate events leading to Emma's death. As seen in the previous analysis, through the helplessness of women, the monotonous and boring daily routine of the bourgeoisie and the ruthlessness of the middle class, Flaubert shows how the values ​​and social norms of the middle class can have a devastating and negative impact on the company. individuals.