Topic > Diagnosing Drowning Using Left Heart Blood Tests

Introduction There are numerous descriptions of drowning available, and in reality, they all carry some weight. According to Lunette, G., other drowning deaths are the consequence of an obstruction of breathing due to the obstruction of the mouth and nose by a liquid medium which in most cases is water (2004). In fact, there are many other definitions of drowning, all with some precision. Regarding actual drowning, there are relatively no notable disagreements, since there is a general conduit, involving the inhalation of water, which could eventually pass through the alveolar-capillary membrane finally reaching the general circulation. Typically, a difference is made between salt water and fresh water, although this is fundamentally rooted in animal testing. In contrast, there are extensive debates about death by submersion to the exclusion of actual drowning, such as dry lung drowning and hydrocution. Furthermore, pathogenic and physiological events are difficult to establish. Certainly, laryngospasm and vasovagal stimulation caused reflex cardiac arrest cannot be ascertained during autopsy, however, privileged aspects, for example, ingestion of cold water and ethanol, should be considered. In reality, death by submersion, excluding actual drowning, can never be validated through autopsy methods. Such deaths may actually be due to natural causes. According to Smith, GM, et al., attributing drowning as a cause of death especially to a body discovered in water without various confirmations of the consequence of containing absorbed water is uncertain. Therefore, in such circumstances, it may be more accurate to give yourself a different...... half of the article......Lipps JH (2004). Techniques for estimating tidal elevation and confinement (salinity) histories of protected harbors and estuaries using benthic foraminifera: examples from New Zealand. Holocene;14:218–32.Smith, GM, et.al (2005) Handbook of psychology; an introduction to algae and their biology, Chronica Botannica Co., Waltham, Mass. 375.Pollanen, M.S. (2007). “The diagnostic value of the diatom test for drowning, II. Validity: analysis of diatoms in bone marrow and drowning medium”. Journal of Forensic Science, 42(2), 286-290. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9068188Lunette, G., et.al, (2004) Indeterminate Drowning, Med. Sci. Law 43 207–214.Karkola, H. and Neittaanma¨ki, S., (2006) Diagnosis of drowning by investigation of left heart blood, Forensic Sci. interna. 18 149–153.