After the overthrow of the Tsar's regime in 1917, Russia experienced further discontent as its people carried out revolution and civil war (Modern World History: Russia 1905-41 ). From these events, Russia then became the first communist state in the world. The Bolsheviks had become the ruling party after taking over the provisional government in the November 1917 revolution. Vladimir Lenin had been the leader of this party. There was a bitter civil war between the communists who were the Reds and the opposition who were the Whites. As a final point, the Bolsheviks defeated their enemies in the Russian Civil War which lasted 3 years and ended in 1920. When the Bolsheviks took power after winning the civil war, they had complete control over Russia (History of the Modern World: Civil War 1918-21). Russia was still at war with Germany. They had decided to continue the war (Modern World History: Russia 1905-41). Subsequently, Russian armies collapsed due to poor leadership, insufficient supplies, and political advances rather than losing on the actual battlefield (Modern World History: Russia 1905-41). Because of the goal of winning the war, Russia as a whole suffered immensely. The people had no food to eat as most of it went to the army. There were social problems as peasants laid claim to land in the countryside and killed landowners who refused to give it up. And so, after the growing power of the revolutionary groups, the Bolsheviks forcibly took their place in government. The Bolshevik Party, also known as the Communist Party, had complete control over the economic state of Russia. Once in power, the Bolsheviks promised "Peace, Bread and Land" (History of the Modern World: Bolshevik Rule). Most of their support came from... middle of the paper... because if the farmers had the money as profit from their goods, the industry would recover because their income would be spent on purchasing manufactured goods . Bukharin became one of Lenin's closest associates. The economic outcome of the NEP was very beneficial for Russia. The Bolsheviks' acceptance of the New Economic Policy proved to be a well-calculated and advantageous choice. Production rates have increased and grown over the years that the NEP has existed (refer to index: Table 5.3). There was recovery and it was what was needed. In fact, Lenin's claim that the Bolsheviks would still be in control of the economy turned out to be essentially true. The NEP had still produced an economic balance. Russian industry was cultivated by the party, but agriculture and trade were managed privately (refer to both Figure 5.5 and Table 5.4).