There was a notable gap between Canada's French-speaking and English-speaking populations in the 1960s, as each presented conflicting visions of the country's national identity. As the federal government faced what appeared to be two separate nations embodied in one country, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in July 1963. It was to assess the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism and recommend actions needed to alleviate the largely linguistic and cultural divisions in Canada. Pearson's directive was given at a time when Quebec was experiencing a period of great social and economic development through the Quiet Revolution, while Anglo-Canadian Canada was in the throes of re-establishing the country's identity while the British definition of Canada was increasingly rejected. This article will evaluate bilingualism and biculturalism as they challenge national identity, seen through the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (RCBB) and the influence of the Quiet Revolution; which led to policies – the Official Languages ​​Act in 1969 and the Official Multicultural Policy in 1971 – that ultimately shaped bilingualism and biculturalism within what became a multicultural framework in Canada. The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, established by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, gave commissioners a mandate to: “investigate and report on the current state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to develop the Canadian Confederation on the basis of an equal partnership between the two founding races, taking into account the contribution made by other ethnic groups to the c...... middle of paper ...... to the identity with at least one of the countries in whose languages ​​predominate, English or French, determined the degree to which they could participate in Canadian life. According to the Commission, this participation was real under two conditions: “that both societies, the Francophone and the Anglophone, accept[ed] newcomers much more quickly than they have done in the past; and that the two societies voluntarily allow other groups to preserve and enrich, if they so choose, the cultural values ​​they value[d]” (RCBB Book 1 xxv). It creates an interesting approach to accepting these “other” groups, as change was needed not only from minorities but also from Francophone and Anglophone Canadians. The Commission's work remains focused on language and culture, rather than ethnicity in a bilingual, bicultural and "other" Canadian society.”.