Topic > Salinity and salinity - 2344

Salinity is one of the harmful environmental factors that reduce plant productivity. (Shahbaz et al., 2011, 2012; Adebooye et al., 2012; Perveen et al., 2012). Worldwide, 5% of the Arab territory is negatively affected by salt stress (D. Molazem, EM Qurbanov and SA Dunyamaliyev, 2013). Salinity affects global land mass by 2.1% (FAO 2003). Arid and semi-arid regions are affected by salinity due to limited precipitation, high evapotranspiration and high temperature, low soil osmotic potential, and poor management (Azevedo Neto et al., 2006). 6.8 million hectares of area of ​​Pakistan affected by salinity. There are many types of stress in the world, but an important one is salinity stress (Amirjani, 2011) which occurs due to the accumulation of high concentration of sodium and chloride ions in plants causing adverse effects on plant growth (Shahbaz and Zia, 2011; Shahbaz and Ashraf, 2013). A high concentration of sodium causes a reduction of potassium ion (Naheed et al., 2008; Shahbaz et al., 2013). Sodium chloride enters the plant root through its symplasmic transport, the Casparian band, and its transfer into the transpiration stream (Kanwal et al., 2011). Salt stress causes osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, oxidative stress and nutritional imbalance in plants (Habib et al., 2010) Under saline conditions (Moffat, 2002) slowing of water uptake through roots causing low osmotic potential (Supper , 2003) The osmotic potential is also slowed down by the accumulation of some solutes such as proline and soluble sugars (Youssef and Al-Fredan, 2008). Proline and soluble sugar increased with increasing sodium chloride concentration (Fozouni et al., 2012). Sugars, in addition to their role in regulating the osmotic balance, also act as... center of paper... photorespiration. In corn, a large number of soluble sugars and proline accumulate and the number of amino acids and proteins is reduced. There are many mechanisms to achieve high maize yield by planting at the right time (Anapalli et al., 2005). Photoperiod and temperature are two important factors at the time of sowing. Sowing date and variety selection are the main factors influencing maize production in addition to soil fertility and irrigation (Ramankutty et al., 2002). Early planting of corn is preferable due to utilizing the entire growing season, reaching physiological maturity before frost, and adequate drying; thus increasing profits through reduced drying costs, while delays in the planting date reduced the weight of individual grains. Maize yield can be increased by planting high-yielding varieties at appropriate times (Khan et al., 2009; and Arif et al.., 2001)