In today's modern markets, what isn't for sale? As Michael J. Sandel points out in What Money Can't Buy, almost everything is a commodity for sale, from prison cell improvements, to the right to emit carbon into the atmosphere, and even the right to shoot an endangered animal . Single markets for these products are the result of trust in markets and subsequent deregulation as the primary means of achieving the public good. The current financial crisis, which began in 2008, has called this belief into question. While some argue that the reason for the financial crisis is greed, Sandel rightly believes that markets have expanded into areas where they don't belong. So how do you determine if markets have expanded into areas where they don't belong? Both of these factors involve putting a price on the good things in life (e.g., safe neighborhoods, good medical care, joy of reading, college acceptance based on merit). which should not only be accessible to those with financial wealth. Sandel believes there is a need for a debate about the moral limits of markets. If a market serves the public good, then it is appropriate; however, if a market unacceptably promotes inequality or corrupts a social activity that should be equally shared, then the market is inappropriate. The decision whether a market is appropriate or inappropriate should be based on public judgment and the promotion of a healthier audience. While I agree with Sandel that many of the examples presented in Incentives, particularly those that include paying for school grades, pollution, and the hunting of defenseless animals, I disagree with his arguments against cash for sterilization. It is understandable that selling off one's right to procreate may seem immoral, but the reason the women in the example are faced with the possibility of selling off their right to procreate is immoral (e.g., drug addiction). Although Sandel argues that there are other means available to help these women, such as addiction treatment, I don't think there would be money in the sterilization market if addiction treatment always worked. Sterilization money is not the perfect solution to this problem, but it provides a short-term answer to a growing problem in the United States. Furthermore, according to the rights-based ethical approach, women freely enter into the agreement and should have the right to do so since it does not concern anyone but themselves. Instead of incentivizing unethical behavior, the United States and other countries should impose harsher penalties for illegal activities or financially significant expenditures on legal activities.
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