The result was a new phonemic representation of words and morphemes. This series of linguistic sound changes towards the end of this period, including the Great Vowel Shift, resulted in the i in mine. The seven long or tense vowels of Middle English underwent a change. The high vowels /iː/ and /u:/ became diphthongs, and the long vowels increased in tongue pitch. Long vowels in Middle English had very similar values ​​to those in Standard Italian and German, but in Standard Modern English they have completely different pronunciations. This saw /iː/ become /aɪ/, /eː/ and /ɛː/ become /iː/, /aː/ become /eɪ/, /uː/ become /aʊ/, /oː/ become /uː/ and /ɔː/ became /o/ (Fromkin, Rodman, Hyams; 342). These changes are one of the most dramatic examples of changing sounds. As a result, the phonemic representation of many words has changed. Examples of this include: please—pleasant, healthy—mental health, crime—criminal, and sign—signal. The changes that occurred occurred over several centuries. It can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the close vowels /iː uː/ were changed, and the mid-close vowels /eː oː/: /eː oː/ were raised to /iː uː/, and /iː uː/ became the diphthongs /ei ou/ o /əiəu/. Then in the second phase the open vowel /aː/ was modified, and the mid-open vowels /ɛː ɔː/: /aː ɛː ɔː/ were augmented, changing to /eː iː oː/ (Fromkins, Rodman, Hyams; 343). Before this change, the vowels of each pair were