As one of the greatest figures in human history, Karl Marx introduced us not only to communism but also to historical materialism. According to historical materialism, the mode of production would determine and favor the ideas, values ​​and beliefs of humanity. Many of Marx's opponents attacked his "impossible" communism, but overlooked his contribution in defining the relationship between important elements of production. This article would explain the topic of historical materialism and investigate the relationship between consciousness and mode of production. Thus, this article will analyze how the division of labor affects the mode of production and conclude that historical materialism was realistic and applicable. Marx defined historical materialism in the preface of Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that “it is not the consciousness of men which determines their existence, on the contrary, their social existence which determines their consciousness”. In contrast to idealism, which prioritized the value of human ideas, historical materialism insisted that the existence of human species drove productions; and the mode of production in return shaped human consciousness. The contradiction between idealism and historical materialism lies in whether it was the evolution of consciousness that guided social changes or vice versa. Choosing one of them as an individual political philosophy was very similar to answering the question: “which came first, the chicken or the egg?” Personally, I favor historical materialism since "consciousness is determined by your beings" seems rational as well as logical. So, what is consciousness? According to Marx, “Consciousness can never be anything other than conscious existence, and the existence of men is… the central part of the paper… the future stage will follow Marx's project or not. It was worth dreaming about this beautiful image. Compared to idealism, which emphasized the capabilities of human ideas in shaping societies, I found historical materialism to be more realistic and applicable. Despite the unclear future of communism, the equation between mode of production and consciousness (or ideas and values) was very understandable and logical. I was convinced by the theme of historical materialism, according to which “life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousness by life”. (Marx 155)Works CitedBrooks, Mick. "What is historical materialism". Maxism. 14 November 2002. Web. 25 May 2012. .Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. "The German Ideology". The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton, 1978. 146-200. Press