Topic > Large Hadrian Collider - 918

The impact of the Large Hadron Collider on the field of physicsI. IntroductionParticle physics deals with the study of the smallest and most complex objects in nature. Examples of these particles include the atom (10-10 m), the nucleus (10-14 m), and quarks (less than 10-19 m) (Ekeren, 2013). These fundamental particles date back to the moments after the Big Bang. To explore how our universe evolved to what exists now, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated to CERN, built the world's most powerful particle accelerator between 1998 and 2008: the Large Hadron Collider, or LHC. (STFC, n.d.). The LHC is the last element in the accelerator complex chain present at CERN. The accelerator complex consists of a sequence of machines with increasingly higher energies (CERN, 2009). In the LHC, each injected particle beam is accelerated up to 7 TeV (electron volts) of energy. The LHC is composed of several experimental rooms intended for different purposes which will be discussed later in this document. Physicists believe that energy density and temperature data collected from collision experiments at the LHC will be able to demonstrate what existed in the moments after the Big Bang, and provide an example for using the data. They recreate and simulate these experiments within the 27 km accelerator through the collision of beams of high-energy protons or ions traveling at the speed of light, or 300 million meters per second (STFC, n.d.; US/LHC, 2012 ). The purpose of the LHC is to allow physicists to demonstrate and test the numerous theories underlying particle and high-energy physics, as well as to determine the existence of the hypothesized Higgs particle and a new family of... of paper ...... is manipulated using electromagnetic devices. Various electromagnetic devices are used in the LHC, including 1). Dipolar magnets that maintain the circular orbit of the particles, 2. Quadrupolar magnets that focus the beam, and 3. Accelerator cavities that are electromagnetic resonators that keep the energy of the particles constant by compensating for energy losses (CERN, 2009; Alison, 2012 ; Evans, 2007; Rossi, 2000). Furthermore, the collider is only one of the significant parts of the LHC project. The detectors and the GRID are the other two important parts of the LHC project. The detectors can be found in several places around the LHC tunnel which is housed in 4 different large chambers. The GRID is a vast comprehensive network of computers with integrated software necessary for processing data from the recorded digits of the detectors (STFC, n.d..).