The Second Opium War, sometimes called the Arrow War, or the Second China War, began on October 8, 1856. It continued until October 18, 1860. At the time, the Great Britain along with Europe and the United States all wanted to have trade with China again. The Emperor, however, refused these requests and this caused tensions to rise. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The Second War continued from the First Opium War. This is due in part to the Treaty of Nanjing. It turned out that Britain was not satisfied with the outcome of the Treaty. Because they did not achieve their goals of improving trade and diplomatic relations with China. In the Second Opium War (1856-1860), fought between a Franco-British alliance and China, the Chinese government was forced to legalize the trade, albeit for a fee. a small tax on the importation of opium. By then opium imports into China had reached 50,000–60,000 cases per year, and continued to increase for the next three decades. The English and French supposedly simply set up their embassies, as stipulated in the Treaty of Tientsin, but then Initially the Chinese did not allow them to land, so the English and French wiped out a Qing army of 10,000 men. Chinese summer palaces were looted and burned. Since the British and its allies had the privilege of entering Beijing, in total about 2,900 Western soldiers were killed or wounded, while China had between 12,000 and 30,000 killed or wounded. The Chinese were forced to accept the validity of the Tianjin Treaties, cede part of Kowloon to Britain, open Tianjin as a trading port, allow religious freedom, legalize the opium trade, and pay reparations to Britain and France. Although not a belligerent country, Russia took advantage of China's weakness and concluded the Beijing Supplementary Treaty ceding approximately 400,000 square miles of territory to St. Petersburg. In 1850, the British forced the issue by attacking the Chinese port cities of Guangzhou and Tianjin in the Second Opium War due to dissatisfaction with the Chinese government's unequal treaty (Nanjing). Anglo-French forces captured Guangzhou, Guangdong, and the Taku forts near Tientsin (Tianjin). China surrendered and was forced to sign the punitive Treaty of Tianjin in June 1858. As a result, France, Russia, and the United States all signed treaties with China at Tianjin in quick succession in 1858. Treaty Advantage: These treaties granted the Western powers a series of rights and privileges. The number of treaty ports increased, and Franco-British and other Allied diplomats were allowed to establish legations and live in Beijing. The agreements reached in Tianjin also establish a new low tariff for imported goods, giving foreign traders a major advantage. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay In the following days, Prince Gong met with Western diplomats and accepted the Beijing Convention. Under the terms of the convention, the Chinese were forced to accept the validity of the Tianjin Treaties, cede part of Kowloon to Britain, open Tianjin as a trading port, allow religious freedom, legalize the opium trade, and pay reparations to Great Britain and China. France. Although it did not participate in the war, Russia took advantage of China's weakness and concluded the Beijing Supplementary Treaty which ceded approximately 400,000 square miles of territory to..