Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B are inherited in an X-linked pattern. Sudden effects of hemophilia include sudden pain, swelling, and warm joints, in the knees, elbows, hips, and possibly the shoulders. The most common symptoms are blood in the stool, blood in the urine, internal bleeding or swelling of the joints. Hemophilia occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 male births. Currently, approximately 20,000 males in the United States are living with this disorder. Hemophilia A is about four times more common than hemophilia B, and about half of those affected have the severe form. Hemophilia affects people of all racial and ethnic groups. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Hemophilia has been called a “real disease.” That's because the hemophilia gene was passed from Queen Victoria, who became queen of England in 1837, to the ruling families of Russia, Spain and Germany. Queen Victoria's haemophilia gene was caused by a spontaneous mutation. Hemophilia is a genetic but rare disease that does not allow blood to clot properly, which in turn can make it difficult. to stop bleeding. This is often caused by an abnormality in DNA that causes substances called clotting factors to work abnormally. It is mainly a hereditary disease. Hemophilia C inheritance follows an autosomal recessive pattern it is not present on one sex chromosome and the condition can affect both sexes equally. For example, if a woman inherits an affected X chromosome, she becomes a carrier of hemophilia. A female carrier may sometimes have symptoms of hemophilia, also known as mild hemophilia. Affected chromone X carriers can also lead full lives, but have a clotting level of between 30% and 70%. The most they can suffer is heavy menstrual bleeding. The possibility of having hemophilia depends on the presence of the parents. If = have hemophilia or are a carrier. If the father has hemophilia and the mother is a carrier, the sons will probably have the possibility of contracting hemophilia. There is currently no cure for hemophilia. But scientists are always trying to find a cure. They believe the answer lies in gene therapy. The chemical “directions” for blood clotting are found on a certain gene in each cell of the body. Therefore, males can have a disease such as hemophilia if they inherit an affected X chromosome that has a mutation in the factor VIII or factor IX gene. Women can also have hemophilia, but this is much rarer. In these cases both X chromosomes are affected or one is affected and the other is missing or inactive. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Gene Therapy Helps Hemophilia Patients. During the clotting process, blood cells become trapped in a fibrous network, which forms with the help of coagulation factor IX. Gene therapy occurs when DNA is transferred into the body's tissues. It specifically targets cells in the body that are not passed on to the person's children. Researchers at the institute are exploring the possibility of treating the disease with gene therapy. Their strategy is to engineer mesenchymal stem cells, a type of adult stem cell, to produce high levels of the factor. Being able to cure hemophilia with stem cell transplants would be really positive.