Index Definition of Key TermsNuclear Weapon Free Zones (NWFZ)Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)Juche IdeologyThe Korean People's Army (KPA) )Background informationMajor countries and organizations involvedUnited States of AmericaSoviet UnionChinaTimeline of events: 1905Date:Previous attempts to solve the problemPossible solutionsThe Korean conflict originated from the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as the struggle between left-wing forces and right-wing in the domestic arena after Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. At the conclusion of the Korean War in 1950, the Korean nation (which had been controlled by Japan during the war) was divided into two different sectors. North Korea was administered by the Soviet Union while South Korea was governed by the United States of America. The Soviet Union helped North Korea establish a communist government, led by Kim Il Sung. On the other hand, the United States helped South Korea create a capitalist government. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The conflict on the Korean Peninsula began with the establishment of separate governments in 1948; the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). The conflict further escalated with the Korean War of 1950. On June 25 in the year 1950, Kim II Sung attempted to unify Korea under communist rule. He initiated the invasion of South Korea, with assistance from the Soviet Union. And the United States, as well as many other nations, came to the aid of South Korea. In October 1950, along with North Korea, China also entered the war. Subsequently, the United States and South Korea managed to push North Korea back to the 38th parallel. However, after three years of war, little progress was made. The war killed more than 3 million Koreans. But, in the end, the countries had returned to their initial state; divided along the 38th parallel. Although both countries were (and still are) too immersed in the conflict, there have been several attempts to resolve it and establish a system of peace between the two Koreas. The Armistice Agreement of 1953 and the Joint Communiqué of 4 July 1973, and the Fundamental North-South Agreement of 1992, and the Joint Declaration of 15 June 2000 are all examples of previous attempts to resolve the conflict (or, for be more precise, to try to minimize its effects). However, without resolving the conflict structure, it will be difficult to build a peace system on the Korean Peninsula and ultimately achieve unification. Definition of Key Terms Nuclear Weapon-Free Zones (NWFZ) Is a regional approach to strengthening global nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament norms and consolidating international efforts toward peace and security. Regional nuclear-weapon-free zones (NWFZs) were established to strengthen global norms on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament and to consolidate international efforts towards peace and security. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) The NPT is an international landmark treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and promote the goal to achieve nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by nuclear-weapon states. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) The International Atomic Energy Agency is the forumcentral intergovernmental organization at global level for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field. It works for the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology, contributing to international peace and security and the United States' Sustainable Development Goals. Juche ideology Juche ideology emphasizes North Korea's political, economic, and military self-sufficiency, and has become the state ideology and sole guiding principle of government following the rise of a one-party communist state in the successor country Second World War. The ideology states that the individual is the master of his own destiny and encourages North Koreans to work as masters of revolution and construction. The DPRK's Juche was improvised after the Korean War with the aim of severing ties with the Soviet Union. The Korean People's Army (KPA) The Korean People's Army is the "revolutionary armed wing" of the Workers' Party, as stated in Article 46 of the party constitution, with loyalty to the party first and foremost. The Korean People's Army was founded on February 8, 1948. Kim Jong-un is the supreme commander of the KPA, 38th Parallel. The 38th parallel is a well-known name given to the latitude 38° N which roughly divides North Korea from South Korea in East Asia. Background information After Japan's defeat in World War II and the Korean War which lasted 3 years fought in 1950, the Armistice Agreement restores the 38th parallel as the border between the two divided Koreas: North Korea and South Korea. Where North Korea has a communist government and South Korea has a anti-communist capitalist. The northern part of Korea became known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), governed by a single party. On the other hand, the southern part became the Republic of Korea (ROK), which follows a democratic system. Russia has always sought to advance both eastward and southward in search of safer borders and ports. Therefore, the Soviet Union always sought to maintain a friendly buffer state on the Korean Peninsula and maintain access to multiple ports there. It is therefore assistance to North Korea during the war. Furthermore, the Cold War plays an immense role in the role of the USSR during the war. Seeing that the United States had supported the Republic of Korea during the war, the USSR was forced to side with North Korea. However, the USSR certainly had much stronger motivations (such as ports). During the war, the USSR provided the North Korean army with advanced training and all the necessary equipment to prepare for war. Furthermore, after the Korean War, the United States Army remained fully involved in the Korean Peninsula. During the war, the United States helped the Republic of Korea in the fight against the DPRK, the USSR and the People's Republic of China (PCR). The United States continues to be involved in South Korea, obeying the Mutual Defense Treaty signed in 1953, after the war. The agreement calls for both the United States and South Korea to provide mutual assistance in the event that either side faces an external armed attack. Furthermore, the agreement allows the United States to station military forces in South Korea. Thus, the United States had sent approximately 29,000 troops to the peninsula. Additionally, 1.2 million North Korean soldiers and 630,000 South Korean soldiers are hovering around the DMZ. Main countries and organizations involved United States of America The end of the Cold War during the 1990s had a broad impact on the Korean Peninsula. The United States has deployed nuclear weapons on the peninsula. In 1991, both Korean governments adopted an agreement called the “Declarationof the nuclear-free Korean Peninsula." In 1992, North Korea concluded safeguards agreements with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Subsequently, the IAEA launched a nuclear investigation into North Korea. Additionally, tensions between the United States and North Korea have begun to become more evident. In the autumn of 1922 tensions arose over the question of the scope and level of the nuclear investigation. Fittingly, the United States conducted Exercise Team Spirit (a joint military exercise between South Korea and the United States), which was later canceled in the 1990s. In protest, North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Subsequently the situation worsened and led to a war between the two states. Subsequently, in 1994, the Framework Agreement (Geneva Agreement) was signed. The three main agreements were: North Korea would freeze nuclear facilities, both states would move toward full normalization of relations, and the United States would provide North Korea with 2 light water and reactors to solve electricity problems . However, the United States violated the agreement. The light water reactors were supposed to be fully installed by 2003, but construction was intentionally delayed. Furthermore, relations have not been normalized. The United States continued to make military threats to North Korea when it should have instead ensured that North Korea did not use nuclear weapons against Pyongyang. After the September 11 incident, the Bush administration took a stronger position towards the small country. Bush called North Korea part of the “axis of evil” and considered it a pre-emptive strike against North Korea. Now, the United States remains involved in the Korean Peninsula and defends the southern part of Korea, following the Mutual Defense Treaty signed in 1953, after the 1950 Korean War.Soviet UnionThe invasion of South Korea by the forces of democratic people The Republic of Korea on June 25, 1950 was one of the decisive moments of the Cold War. The USSR provided resources such as weapons, food, and financial aid to North Korea. North Korea had sent its troops to Russia for advanced training. Since the Soviet Union was fighting the Cold War against the United States, it was more than happy when a communist country, North Korea, attacked a democracy, South Korea. By siding with North Korea, the Soviet Union defeats a democracy propagated by the United States. Furthermore, the United States was fully aware that, since the Soviet Union had provided North Korea with all the necessary equipment in preparation for war, this would represent a powerful boost to Communist propaganda. Therefore, the United States launched an offensive to recapture South Korea. Although the Soviets had provided all aid, they had not physically entered the war. Unlike the Americans. After the war, both sides decided to divide Korea. Furthermore, the United States suffered immense losses where the Soviet Union's losses were negligible and a communist government was legally in power (since Korea was not communist before the war). In addition, the war brought new allies of the USSR: China and North Korea (all against the United States). ChinaMany believe that China played a huge role in favor of the USSR during the Korean War and that the purpose of Chinese participation in the war war is to expand the Chinese Civil War. Three campaigns occurred during the Chinese Civil War. The second campaign was called Huai Hai. The Huai Hai was a turning point during the civil war, which made the Kuomintang (anChinese political party also known as KMT) a big deal at that time. Finally, Joseph Stalin (former general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) had urged Mao Zedong (former chairman of the Chinese Communist Party) not to cross the Changing River to destroy the KMT. If the Chinese Communist Party obeyed the orders of the USSR, the Professional Regulatory Commission would be another part of East Germany from which the USSR would benefit; a separate China would benefit the USSR. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that China has many more ports in good condition than the USSR. Before the Korean War, the whole of Korea was occupied by the United States, and Northeast China became the front line of the ongoing battle between capitalism and communism, which gave the USSR the absolution to hold the Chinese ports. This strategic and detailed objective explains why the USSR never physically participated in the Korean War. This also justifies the USSR's help to China during the war: it hoped that China would fail in the war. However, the victory of the two Chinese campaigns during the Chinese Civil War ensured that China would support North Korea during the war. If the USSR had never provided resources and aid to China, it might have lost North Korea. Furthermore, when the Chinese Volunteer Army had defeated and conquered Seoul (the capital of South Korea), the USSR stopped providing aid, fearing it would lose control over China. Timeline: 1905 Date: Event Description: Japan makes Korea a protectorate August 10, 1945 After attacking Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrender in World War II and Russian troops enter Korea September 1947 Congress/Heads of State Major relatives decide to leave Korea. Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) founded in the Soviet Union November 14, 1947 UN passes US resolution calling for free elections in Korea May 10, 1948 Korean elections held August 1948 Two governments created (DPRK and ROK) ) January 19, 1949 Korean Aid Bill fails to pass House of Representatives April 4, 1949 NATO pact signed October 2, 1949 Mao Zedong claims People's Republic of China June 25, 1950 Korean War begins when North Korea crosses 38th parallel June 27, 1950 President Harry Truman sends U.S. fleet and air support to aid South Korea August 27, 1950 United States announces United Nations goal of creating a unified, anti-communist Korea October 25, 1950 South Korean forces are annihilated by PRC forces in Pukchin City, Korea North 3 November 1950 Passing of UN resolution, reprimanding North Korea for “breach of the peace” 1 February 1951 UN Oceans PRC for “aggression”. Operation "Killer" begins March 15, 1951 US, UN, and ROK forces retake Seoul April 22, 1951 and May 15, 1951 Communist crimes fail to retake Seoul May 18, 1951 UN member states begin boycotting military goods PRC July 8, 1951 Peace negotiations begin at Kaesong June 1951 Sanctions in Washington Bombing of Korean power plants on Yalu River July 19, 1953 UN member states reach agreement at Panmunjom July 27, 1953 Korean War ends when cease-and-desist agreement is signed fire (armistice agreement) and the 38th parallel is restored as the border line between North and South Korea. Cold War tensions remain unchangedOctober 1966Beginning of the Korean conflict in the DMZJanuary 1968North Korean troops attempt to kill South Korean President Park Chungy-HeeAugust 1974Another assassination attempt on President Park Chung-Hee bypart of a North Korean soldier in SeoulApril 1996North Korea sends thousands of military troops into the DMZ as announced will no longer join the 1953 armisticeJune 1999Battle of Yeonpyeong occursUnited Nations Treaties and Relevant EventsUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 82, 25 June 1950 (S/RES/82)United Nations Security Council Resolution 83, 27 June 1950 (S/RES/83)United Nations Security Council Resolution 84, 7 June 1950 (S/RES/84)Resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution 702, 8 August 1991 (S/RES/702)United Nations Security Council Resolution 825, 11 May 1993 (S/RES/825)United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695, 15 July 2006 (S/RES/1695)United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718, 14 October 2006 (S/RES/1718)United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874, 12 June 2009 (S/RES/1874)Resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution 1985, 10 June 2001 (S/RES/1985)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2087, 22 January 2013 (S/RES/2087)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2207, 4 March 2015 (S/RES/2207)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2270, 2 March 2016 (S/RES/2270)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2321, 30 November 2016 (S/RES/2321)Resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution 2345, 23 March 2017 (S/RES/2345)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2375, 11 September 2017 (S/RES/2375)United Nations Security Council Resolution 2397, 22December 2017 (S/RES/2397) Previous Attempts to Solve the Problem Although the 1953 Armistice Agreement ended the Korean War, it simply returned both South Korea and North Korea to their original states before the war, without solving any problems at all. No peace treaty has ever been signed, yet the frozen ceasefire agreement has been in place for 64 years. However, with US military troops still present in South Korea and North Korea's powerful anti-American propaganda, the situation has not changed. North Korea is notoriously the most isolated country in the world. North Korean civilians suffer from their destroyed economy. According to the UN, over a third of the population is malnourished (the country needs medical care). South Korea has elected a new president, after a period of internal turbulence; Moon Jai-in, May 2017. Moon is working and trying to create reconciliation with North Korea. It is also trying to get closer to the United States, but more distant. However, Moon is trying to prevent South Korea from becoming a political hostage in an international issue. Furthermore, the United Nations has presented a comprehensive method for any future cooperation with North Korea over the next 5 years. The UN seeks to work with the Kim government to secure the country's development goals and to help support its social and economic progress. Additionally, in August 2017, the Security Council passed a resolution to create the toughest sanctions yet imposed on North Korea. The resolution imposes a ban on the export of coal, iron ore, lead and fish products, causing the country to lose about $1 billion a year. Another solution attempted previously was six-party talks. It consists of Japan, PRC, DPRK, Russia, South Korea, and the United States. It was established in 2003 to allow discussion between member states. The Six-Party Dialogue reached a turning point in 2005, when North Korea agreed to abandon its nuclear program and return to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Furthermore, i:.