The purpose of Park and Colvin's study is to examine the disparity between narcissists' inflated self-perceptions and their close friends' perceptions of others who will likely not be subject to superficial influence of the narcissists' appearance, thus providing more objective views into the former's character and behavioral tendencies (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Park & ​​Colvin, 2014). There has been inconsistency in the results obtained from previous studies using different methodologies in examining the discrepancy between self-perception and that of others and recruiting strangers unrelated to the participants (Carlson, Vazire, & Oltmanns, 2011). Studies have also shown that narcissistic individuals tend to give others an overly positive impression of their personality during first encounters, but that over time this effect diminishes and their friends become more familiar with their negative qualities (Carlson, Vazire, & Oltmanns, 2011; Paulhus, 1998). Park and Colvin tested the hypothesis that participants who scored high on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory would rate themselves as more optimally adjusted with scores that aligned more with prototypical aggregation than their friends' ratings. Second, narcissism will be positively correlated with action, but not with communion. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay The study required participants to complete the 100-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and CAQ. Participants' friends provided CAQ ratings of their personality. The key variables used in calculating correlation coefficients and means were participants' average self-ratings on the NPI grouped into subscales and their personality descriptions on the CAQ; friends' ratings on each of the CAQ items; CAQ items designated as measures of agency and communion; and optimal adjustment scores that were compared across the preceding variables. The “optimally adapted individual prototype” was developed based on physicians' aggregate ratings of the ordered CAQ items. Results showed that participants' NPI scores were positively correlated with self-rated CAQ items describing optimal fit, but were negatively correlated with items representing malfit. In contrast, friends' ratings on CAQ items that were significantly positively correlated with participants' NPI scores tended to be those with low adjustment ratings. In terms of agency and communion items on the CAQ, significant positive correlations were found between self- and friend-ratings, with agency strongly related to NPI scores and four subscales. However, the dark connection between narcissism and communion partially supported the study's hypothesis. As expected, participants rated themselves higher on the optimal fit items of the CAQ, but lower on the maladjustment items than their friends. Further analyzes indicated that narcissism influenced participants' tendency to rate themselves as better adjusted and descriptive of themselves based on CAQ item measures. The above findings allow us to understand that a narcissistic personality can be better predicted by individuals other than the self and that it is possible for close friends to have a more accurate view and judgment of our positive and negative traits. This research fits into the dispositional domain by measuring participants' scores on the?