Super-austenitic stainless steels are special grades of austenitic stainless steels alloyed with higher concentrations of chromium and nickel in addition to the presence of relatively higher contents of nitrogen, molybdenum and copper. Due to the excellent combination of alloying elements, these steels often possess superior mechanical properties and greater corrosion resistance than ordinary grades of austenitic stainless steels, which facilitates their wide applicability in thermonuclear and chemical industries. Thermo-mechanical machining is widely used to produce complex alloy parts and shapes used for various industrial applications. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay Forming load evaluation has vital importance in forming industries for designing various forming components. The forming load often depends on the flow behavior, deformation geometry, and friction between the workpiece and the mold interface. Therefore, the development of constitutive relations to predict flow behavior at elevated temperatures is important. The constitutive flow behavior of polycrystalline alloys is often very complex and depends largely on various processing parameters such as temperature, deformation and strain rate. Various constitutive models, e.g. In the past, researchers have developed physical, phenomenological, and empirical/semi-empirical models to predict the flow behavior of different grades of metals and alloys following hot deformation. Among the physically/phenomenologically based relationships, the Johnson-Cook (JC) and Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA) models are widely used in various commercial metal forming simulation software. The JC model only considers the individual effect of processing parameters, i.e. Isotropic hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening. Although the JC model has been widely used in flow prediction, it often fails when there is a change in the flow mechanism. On the other hand, the ZA model has often been preferred for low-temperature deformation below 0.6 Tm, where Tm is the melting temperature of the alloy [45,46]. The ZA model often provides a better prediction than the JC model because it combines the effect of processing parameters such as temperature and strain rate. However, this model is predominantly not suitable for flow stress prediction at higher temperatures (i.e. > 0.6 Tm) and lower strain rates. In view of this, a modified ZA model (M-ZA) was proposed by Samantaray et al. to make it suitable for predicting flow behavior at high temperatures and in a broad strain rate domain. This was achieved by neglecting the athermal part of the flow stress and incorporating the coupled effects of strain rate and temperature, as well as strain and temperature. The M-ZA model has been successfully applied by various researchers for various grades of materials. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Before thinking about developing a new model, we first evaluated the applicability of the JC and M-ZA model to predict the flow behavior of the studied alloy. The single and coupled effects of various process parameters, e.g. deformation, strain rate and temperature were carefully evaluated on the flow behavior of the alloy under examination. Based on this observation and evaluation, a new one was proposed.