The power sharing curves of MG in islanding when powering non-linear loads, three-phase unbalanced star-connected and delta-connected loads are illustrated in Fig (). As shown in the figures, at first the six-pulse three-phase diode bridge rectifier of the RL load is connected up to t=2.5 s, then the star-connected unbalanced load is coupled up to 4.5 s and an unbalanced load connected delta coupled again for up to 6 s where all three different loads are connected at the same time. As can be seen, from the Fig (voltage), the DG unit closest to the PCC, i.e. with less power line impedance, experienced low voltage drop and provides high reactive power to the common load, as shown in Fig (Q). This is because the DG with lower supply impedance has lower inertia, so its response time to support the load step is shorter than other DG units with higher supply impedance. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get original essay Since all DG units operate with identical droop gains, on the other hand with different supply impedance, then the active power output from the standard inverter-based PI controller in the voltage-current loops monitors each for ensure balanced sharing of real power in both transient and steady state, keeping the operating frequency within an acceptable operating limit, as shown in Fig (P) and (f). Even though all DG units have equal droop gains, there is an imbalance in steady-state reactive power sharing caused by mismatched power supply impedances, as shown in Fig (Q). So there is a steady-state error in reactive power sharing and an imbalance in the voltage output caused by an unbalanced voltage drop in the power line impedance, as shown in Fig (V). With the proposed compensation method based on virtual impedance, the output voltage of all DG units are balanced with a safe transient as illustrated in Fig (V). With the suggested voltage and harmonic imbalance compensation scheme, the results shown in Fig (V) show the tracking performance of the voltage-current circuit. The figure shows effective tracking of reference signals during a steady state, due to this the output voltage is maintained in the operating limit of the autonomous MG in transient and steady state modes. Figure (Q) shows the reactive power sharing of three DG units. There is an adaptive configuration of operating setpoints as the system load varies. Therefore balanced reactive power sharing is achieved due to the designed compensation algorithm based on adaptive virtual impedance and PIR. Compensation for voltage losses across the supply impedance ensures a balanced system voltage which results in efficient reactive power sharing since reactive power sharing is proportional to the voltage. From Fig.x and Fig Y due to the effects of static frequency control, and the voltage deviation is HZ and V respectively. By applying the secondary control level, the voltage amplitude and frequency were restored to the nominal operating range as shown in figures X1 and X2. Then the output power of each inverter is increased after the recovery process, as shown in Fig. Y. The secondary control circuits make the power.
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