IndexAbstractIntroductionCatalystsPropertiesApplicationsConclusionAbstractWhen it comes to the limitation of silicon's capabilities, the discovery of graphene and its unique nanoscale properties takes on extreme importance. As it is paving the way for possible next-generation replacements for the faster and smaller electronics of today's 21st century. Numerous methods and techniques are being tested to produce graphene with improved properties for use as a replacement for existing materials. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay IntroductionIn 1991, Iijima found carbon nanotubes (CNTs), while graphene, a two-dimensional type of graphite, was synthesized by two scientists, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004 which was a conceptual material because it could not be produced in large amount. Graphene as a wonder material consists of a monolayer of hexagonal sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. There is a solitary, flat sheet made of graphite, the thinnest material known. It has the perfect two-dimensional (2D) structure. It can be wrapped in zero-dimensional (0D) fullerenes, moved in one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes, and even stacked in three-dimensional (3D) graphite. In this way, graphene is known as the mother of all graphitic carbon-based nanomaterials and has splendid potential in practical fields of science. Graphene can be produced by a number of techniques such as dry exfoliation (which is the perforation of layered materials into thin sheets via mechanical, electromagnetic, or electrostatic forces in any environment). Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) involving (dispersion of graphite in a solvent, exfoliation and purification), growth on SiC, growth on metals by precipitation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal CVD on metals, molecular beam epitaxy , chemical synthesis, nano-ribbons and quantum dots, graphene processing, subsequent production goes through transfer, positioning and shaping procedures. Numerous precursors including solid, liquid and gas phase precursors are used in the synthesis of graphene. Hydrocarbon gas precursors are the common source of carbon due to its higher purity compared to other precursors in liquid or solid form. Methane gas (CH4) is the common gaseous precursor for producing graphene films. Using camphor to synthesize graphene18 Although it was not an effective way, it provided a route to synthesize graphene films using solid carbon precursors. Hexane has been used to synthesize graphene sheets as a source of liquid carbon precursor. Catalysts Transition metals are used to produce high-quality carbon nanotubes and graphene. There are many metal catalysts including platinum (Pt) 23, cobalt (Co) 24, nickel (Ni) 25-27, copper (Cu) 28 and others that are used in the synthesis of graphene and nanoparticles. Properties Graphene has mechanical properties and electrical properties. It shows exceptional optical transparency at a wide range of light wavelengths, various optoelectronic devices use it as transparent electrodes. It also features splendid flexibility, greater mechanical strength and enormous environmental stability. Found at the liquid-liquid interface. Atomic self-accumulation of carbon nanostructures of different measurements is of great interest because of their potential use in creating optically simple lead terminals, solar-based cells, and other gadgets. Surface properties. Graphene has a surface territory.