IndexContextPurpose of the DocumentConceptual Definition of MSPRole of Stakeholders in PSMContextThe Global Food Crisis Report 2017 announced that 108 million people are in a crisis-level situation of scarcity food in 2016 (FAO, 2017). The number of people in situations of food insecurity and scarcity has increased by 35% compared to 2015 (FAO, 2017). According to the report, climate change and natural disasters are inevitable causes of food shortages. The scarcity of food supply leads to the increase in food prices. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) described a forecast that food prices between 2005 and 2050, particularly corn, rice and wheat, will increase by 104, 79 and 88% (Rosegrant, MW, et.al, 2014). The trend of rising prices and shortages of food products also occurs in Indonesia, particularly for rice, eggs and chicken, which led to inflation in 2015 (Ministry of Commerce, 2015). The report identifies climate change as the key driver of food production in Indonesia. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The problem of global food scarcity has led the 2017 Global Innovation Index (GII) to focus on innovation as a way to manage limited natural resources and increasing food demand. The report measures seven indicators of innovation in strengthening food policy. The GII ranked Indonesia 30th and indicated human capital and research as the weakest performance in terms of innovation atmosphere in Indonesia (Dutta, et.al, 2017). Human capital and research also appeared as the weakest performers in Indonesia previously, as reported by the 2014 GII. One study proposed that research is crucial in creating new knowledge to solve the problem of food scarcity (Rosegrant, MW, et.al, 2014). The creation of new knowledge to produce innovation can be cultivated not only by universities and public research institutes (PRIs), but also by farmers, citizens and industries. The crucial factor of innovation system theory proposes that “innovations are often complex systems in which research, entrepreneurial networks and other actors interact to produce and use new knowledge” (Sanginga, et.al, 2007). The gap faced by the Indonesian government is the lack of policies aimed at stimulating innovation from these different actors. The third medium-term national development plan of Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJMN2015-2019), Indonesia, established sustainable innovation as one of the RPJMN missions. The mission is followed by the strengthening of innovation in many sectors including the pharmaceutical and food sectors, innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises and in the local economy, the creation of science parks, the partnership between universities and the private sector (Presidential Decree n. 2/2015). However, the plan identifies the challenge that so far there is a disconnect between what public universities produce and what the private sector and society need. So far, the partnership between universities, PRIs, industries and farmers has been conducted without government role and policy, therefore some partnerships are not supported (Gunawan, et, al, 2016). Even in Indonesia, performance indicators such as the partnership program and the benefits of the partnership program for farmers and citizens have not been set in an agricultural policy direction. Therefore, the multi-stakeholder approach (MSP) presents itself as a concept and aims todetermine collective decisions and actions that have an innovative impact at a local, national or global level (Brouwer, et.al, 2015). Purpose of the paper This paper describes the MSP mechanism between government, academia, private sector and citizens to increase the impact of agricultural innovation and respond to the gap addressed by the RPJMN 2015-2019. Conceptual definition of MSP The form of MSP in agricultural innovation is available in many platforms such as triple helix (government, university and private sector) and quadruple helix (universities and research institutes, industries and private sector, citizens and government) (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). In a broader context, MSP is a process that involves interest groups such as government, farmers, universities, public research institutes, consumers and private sectors to generate innovative ideas, meet the demand for agricultural production and cultivate agricultural development sustainable. Role of Stakeholders in Initiating innovation in MSPAs could come from various actors, all actors have the role in creating new knowledge. Other roles will be described as follows: ? Government has a significant role in regulating knowledge creation priorities, offering incentives and investments to public research institutes, developing farmers' capacities, conducting sharing forums to consolidate all interests (Adekunle, et, al, 2012; Gouvea, et.al, 2013), and facilitate decision making among stakeholders. ? Industries also play an important role in the supply and provision of goods (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). ? Consumers play a role in defining the standards and quantity of products. Their preferences will influence the design, quality and offering on the market (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). Consumer preference can also be identified as a new market. In this context, consumers can be represented by national and international agricultural organizations responsible for product certifications, the Ombudsman Bureau and the Bureau of Consumer Protection. ? Universities and PRIs also have the role of promoting capacity building of farmers and citizens and also of creating new knowledge to meet consumer demand and industry needs (Gouvea, et.al, 2013). ? Farmers have an urgent role to practice sustainable agriculture and provide good quality products to industries. Therefore, it is also important to develop human capital and markets for farmers through the use of multi-stakeholder partnerships. Scope and policy choices in applying MSP MSP policy can be initiated at the local government level, particularly led by the Department of Agriculture, Department of Trade and Industry, Office of Planning and Development and Department of Finance, applying these choices policies: ? Creation of the MSP forum. To consolidate the needs of all stakeholders, the government can initiate a physical and virtual forum to generate the needs of each stakeholder and the problems addressed. The forum is a part of the decision-making process that satisfies the market demand, stakeholders' interests and increases the productivity of farmers, industries and universities (Adekunle, et, al, 2012). ? Capacity development. Developing farmers' capacities to carry out more effective agriculture can be initiated by a sub-programme with the knowledge source of universities, government facilitators and PRIs. Capacity development of all stakeholders can also be promoted. Human capital is believed to be important for learning and technological innovation (Galli?, et.al, 2012). ? Give incentives to all stakeholders. Incentive choices, 2015).