Arduino is defined as an open source electronic platform composed of two parts: hardware and software. In the first part, Arduino boards (hardware) are capable of reading inputs of physical quantities such as light variation using a light sensor, motion changes using motion sensors, speech variation recognition using blueteeth application. Secondly, it turns it into an output: for example, it controls the speed and torque of a motor, turns an LED on and off... etc. For this reason it is possible to write a program capable of controlling the board by sending a series of instructions to the microcontroller. To carry out this procedure, the Arduino software (IDE) is used, based on Processing, using the Arduino programming language, most likely the C++ language. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Historically, the Arduino project was derived from a wiring platform that was an invention of Hernando Barragan in 2003, a master's student at the Interaction Institute of Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. He achieved this during his master's thesis project under the supervision of Massima Banzi and Casey Reas. The aim of his project was to design and produce a printed circuit board (PCB) with a cheaper microcontroller (ATmega168). Therefore, it replaced the expensive microcontroller that used the Basic stamper sold for $100 per device. However, Massimo Banzi, with David Mellis, another IDII student, and David Cuartielles, developed the wiring by adding support for the cheaper ATmega8 microcontroller. But instead of continuing work on Wiring, they forked the project and renamed it Arduino. The first Arduino prototype was designed by Massima Banzi and was quite similar in wiring. This group was called Arduino Team and came from different countries such as Italy, United States, Spain. Although they were led to create this platform for the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as a simple tool for rapid prototyping and aimed at students without an electronics and programming background. Once it reached a wider community, the Arduino board began to modernize to adapt to new needs and challenges, distinguishing its offering from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearables, 3D printing and embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely open source, allowing users to build them independently and possibly adapt them to their particular needs. The software is also open source and is growing thanks to contributions from users around the world. Over 300,000 Arduino boards were produced commercially by Adafruit Industries, a New York City supplier of Arduino boards, parts and assemblies, estimated in mid-2011 and increased exponentially to 700,000 official boards in 2013. Keep in mind: This is just a champion. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay However, Arduino is the brains of numerous projects from everyday objects to complex scientific devices. It is the source of creativity and innovation that has brought together a global community of makers: students, hobbyists, artists, programmers and professionals around this open source platform. Their contributions have helped create an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to both beginners and experts.