A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea. Diarrhea causes an increase in the length of stay in healthcare facilities and an increase in the cost of treatment. As a cause of diarrhea, CDI has become a major problem in many developed countries. There has been an increase in incidents and severity of CDI since the discovery of C. difficile in the 1970s. Recent reports show a slight increase in injuries, severity, and mortality despite tremendous advances in the management and treatment of CDI (Al-Jashaami and DuPont 2016). In the United States, CDI has become the most frequent infection reported to healthcare organizations, and its epidemic is due to more virulent strains that cause severe disease (Gerding, Muto et al. 2008). Based on US death certificate data, the death rate for CDI was 14,000 in 2007, 29,000 in 2011, and 44,500 in 2014 (Hopkins and Wilson 2017). Additionally, the cost of CDI treatment and hospitalization is significant. Treatment of CDI ranges between $2,871 and $4,846 in the United States and between $5,243 and $8,570 outside the United States, which covers only the drugs and laboratory without the hospitalization which is the main cost factor (Ghantoji, Sail et al. 2010). Although diagnosis and treatment have made progress over the past two decades, prevention of CDI has remained a challenge especially in healthcare settings. Despite the use of antibiotics to treat CDI, other potential treatment factors such as the use of probiotic bacteria have been explored. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Probiotics are live organisms that, when administered in adequate dosage, can be beneficial to the host by restoring the normal level of bacteria in the gut. Probiotics represent another advanced approach to hinder the development of CDI. Since antibiotic treatment can destroy the natural microbiota of the colon, treatment with probiotics prevents destruction of the microbiome and this could prevent CDI. One study demonstrated that the administration of lactobacilli to hospitalized patients under antibiotic therapy resulted in a reduction in diarrheal symptoms and a reduction in the risk of CDI (Avila, Avila et al. 2016). Probiotics can be used as a chase treatment on patients after a full course of anti-CDI antibiotics. Some probiotics have immunoreceptive effects, so their administration can increase the level of IgA in the intestine and prevent the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 8 (Buts, Bernasconi et al. 1990, Dahan, Dalmasso et al. 2003). Bacillus species have been shown to produce antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting some pathogens, for example the supernatant of B. subtilis (strain name: UID 12.1) showed antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis (Chalasani, Dhanarajan et al. The bacteriocin-like substance from B. subtilis has been shown to inhibit several clinical bacteria such as Salmonella typhi which causes typhoid (Boottanun, Potisap et al. 2017). Antibiotics secreted by B. megaterium have shown activity against Leuconostoc mesenteroides (strain: VKPM B-4177), which is resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics, and also against the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Malanicheva, Kozlov et al. 2012). (strain FZB42) can produce a dipeptide protein called Bacilysin that can suppress the growth of E. amylovora. B. amyloliquefaciens can also kill Burkholderia.