IndexSummaryIntroductionLiterature SummaryMethodologyPlanning:Design:Material Purchase:Selected Material (Mild Steel):Manufacturing:Assembly: Now all the fabricated components are to be assembled as follows;Design CalculationConclusionSummaryIn Indian agriculture needs to focus in some situations on increasing productivity and profit to reduce costs and labor effort. This document tends to provide the design and development of manually or mechanically operated MULTI-CROPS CUTTING MACHINES. In the current situation in our country, the traditional use of harvesting mechanism is more tedious, time-consuming and unable to develop the agricultural sector of farmers with low economic level. Depending on the problem stated through the abstraction of existing literature and harvesters, data interpreted to meet the requirements of the problem objective is collected to meet the customer's needs. The idea was to create a machine that was economical and would reduce the labor needed to harvest crops. Small farmers can use this machine. This machine is compact and capable of cutting up to 2 rows of corn stalks, bajara stalks. It has a high-strength cutting blade that cuts the crop with a rotary motion. It runs on a 3 HP motor, this power from the motor is supplied to the cutter via the arrangement of the pulley and gear box. A collection mechanism is provided to collect the crop on one side of the machine after cutting. There are some steps involved in the manufacturing of this machine, such as manufacturing the small model using suitable material and testing the working of this machine. So the goal is to fabricate and test the performance of the small model of a manually or mechanically operated harvester for cutting crops. Cutting the crop quickly can give more time to prepare the land for later planting of the crop. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay This harvester is manufactured using locally available spare parts and is easy to maintain. This harvester could be the solution to the problem faced by a small farmer regarding implementation and labor costs. Introduction In this modern world the use of agricultural equipment is continuously increasing. India uses only 10% of agricultural equipment as per a survey conducted in 2012. India ranks second in the agricultural sector. Agriculture, like forestry and fishing, accounted for 13.7% of GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is continuously decreasing with the country's large-scale economic growth. Agriculture is the most followed profession in India. Agricultural products contribute to our economy to a large extent. Engineering science has brought about tremendous changes in the traditional methods of agriculture such as sowing, planting, irrigation, fertilizers, spraying, harvesting, etc. However, to improve our economic condition, we must increase the productivity and quality of our agricultural activities. Nowadays only few skilled workers are available for agriculture. Due to this drawback, farmers prefer to use harvesters. These harvesters are expensive and only available for large-scale farming. However, agricultural groups use them on an hourly rental basis. But the owners of small farmsthey generally do not require fully featured combine harvesters. Also, these combine harvesters are not available in all states of rural India due to financial or transportation reasons. Therefore, there is a need for a smaller, more efficient combine harvester that is more accessible and also significantly cheaper. Our mission is to create a portable, easy-to-use, low-cost mini harvester. Taking into account the needs of the current situation, the idea was born to prepare a machine that is economical and reduces the labor required to cut crops. The requirement of this model is the request for a compact and economical harvester. This drawback is taken into consideration for this project. Taking into account the current scenario of corn harvesting, we have decided to prepare a corn harvester model suitable for farmers who have small agricultural lands. The prototype machine will be more economical and convenient for cutting corn stalks and other similar plants with cutting strength equal to or lower than that of corn. Literature Review Until the 19th century, most crops were harvested by cutting with a scythe. A scythe is a curved, portable agricultural tool, typically used for harvesting crops before the advent of modern harvesting machines. The inside of the curve is sharp, so the user can swing the blade against the base of the crop, catching it in the curve and cutting it at the same time. Around the beginning of the 20th century, animal-drawn machines, "combine harvesters", were developed which integrated the cutting, threshing and separation of grain and small crops. A harvester was designed and manufactured at the University of Faisalabad in Pakistan. This was a self-propelled harvester equipped with a 5 kW petrol engine (without conveyor) capable of harvesting one hectare in 2.5 hours and is equally effective for fodder crops, wheat and rice. A tractor front mounted harvester was developed in 1980, at Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI), Multan Pakistan. V-belt drive is used as the power transmission mechanism in this project. The mechanism is hydraulically operated via the 3-point hitch. The vertical conveyor harvester was developed in the People's Republic of China; it was a harvester equipped with an 8.95 kW diesel engine with a field capacity of approximately 0.65 hectares/hour. it is a motorized harvester, of the walking type, suitable for harvesting the corn stalk and the bajara stalk. Grag et al. (1985) designed and developed a front-mounted vertical conveyor windrower harvester with a cutting width of 1.9 m, operated by a tractor of approximately 25 hp, capable of effective harvesting. Hadidi et al (1984) stated that the height of crop stubble increases with increasing stem moisture contents increased and decreased with increasing knife speed. He added that the percentage of wheat and rice grain losses increased as the machine's forward speed increased. If we increase the speed of the cutter bar, the percentage of grain losses will decrease. Furthermore, increasing the feed speed leads to an increase in the number of uncut stems. Sahar (1998, reported that the use of a large-scale machine is inappropriate for the following reason: it requires high technical expertise for operation and maintenance, high capital requirements. The use of small-scale machines is appropriate for small companies, low capital requirements and low technical operation and maintenance experience. EI-sharigi et.al (1992), developed a harvestermounted frontally. Design features included a flat belt mechanism that conveyed the crop to the side of the machine, improved cutter bar star wheel assembly to minimize blockages. a bevel gear transmission for power transmission, a robust frame, a header provide a design that does not get stuck in the ground, and provisions to convert flat belt conveyor motors to a chain without modification of the frame. Habib et al (2002) stated that the parameters affecting the cutting process are related to the cutting tool, machine specifications and properties of the plant material. They added that cutting energy consumed in the harvesting process. Badr (2005) compared the performance of three different combine harvesters in terms of harvest time, grain losses, fuel consumption, energy required and total cost. He found that the maximum field capacity is 3.02 acres/h and the lowest field efficiency of 70.5% was achieved with a forward speed of about 4.0 km/h and a grain moisture content by 22% DN Sharma and S.Mukesh, studied on handle design and in that study a height of about 100 cm is enough to push any machinery. DR.UV Kongre (2016) Introduction of a new type of modified cutter which can reduce the dependency of workers, which gives much effect in maximizing the profit for farmers. The work was carried out with the aim of modifying the design and evaluating the performance of the manual harvester. Imrul Kaes Mirza kiran (2016) Bangladesh is basically an agricultural country, about 80% of the total population lives in rural areas and 95% of them are involved in agricultural activities. The largest delta in the world and is located between 88.01 and 92.4 degrees east longitude and between 20.34 and 26.38 degrees north latitude. Since the delta land is very fertile and the climate is conducive to the production of cereals such as rice and wheat. So timely harvesting of the crop is very important. Crops are susceptible to shattering if harvesting is delayed. The labor shortage is felt during the harvesting season because the time available for harvesting with the scythe is quite tedious and requires a lot of labor. During the harvest period there is a shortage of labor and harvesting is normally delayed resulting in greater crop losses in the field. Methodology Planning: As a solution to this problem, a mechanical weeder was designed and developed that can meet the current requirement for weed control. Accordingly, the present development is aimed at improving manual control of tillage, mulching and weeding with little effective operation, low work effort and high time requirements for different types of hoe and cutlass which can be overcome with the use of mechanical weeders.Design:The components required for use in the machine should be designed such as frame, handle, sprocket, blades, wheels and spring using drawing software. Material Purchase: After completing the component design, the material should be selected and purchased as per the following properties required for our work. Selected material (mild steel): AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel has excellent welding ability and produces a uniform and harder shell. It is considered the best steel for casehardened parts. Low carbon steel offers a good balance of toughness, strength and ductility. Featuring higher mechanical properties, AISI 1018 hot rolled steel also includes improved machining characteristics and Brinell hardness..