IndexHuman genome projectWhat is cloning?Beginning of the history of cloningConclusion The dictionary defines genome as the set of genes that specify all the characters that can be expressed in an organism. A genome is all the genetic material of a living thing. It is the complete set of hereditary instructions for building and maintaining an organism and transmitting life to the next generation. In most living things, the genome is made up of a chemical called DNA. The genome contains genes, contained in chromosomes and which influence specific characteristics of the organism. In short, the genome is divided into chromosomes that contain genes, and genes are made of DNA. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Human Genome Project This project was launched in 1990. The Human Genome Project attempts to determine which chromosome and within which each gene is located. Each of these genes is composed of a long chain of nucleotides that constitute the lateral and vertical structure of a double helix called Watson and Crick and on the other hand by horizontal steps formed by four bases, always joined together in the same way. Each triplet of nitrogenous bases, as ordered, encodes the formation of each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. This same process occurs in all living things, from single-celled animals to humans. The sequencing of the human genome opens up new possibilities, but also presents us with ethical questions: prenatal diagnosis will be more accurate and will reach a very wide range of diseases. This will sharpen the ethical debate on abortion and the unborn child's right to life. It will be possible to modify the genetic basis of the somatic (general) cells responsible for some diseases. It will be possible to modify the egg, the zygote or the embryo with just a few cells, like the principle of cloning. What is cloning? Cloning is the action of reproducing a being perfectly in the physiological and biochemical aspects of an original cell. Through cloning the individual is obtained to have the same genes as the father or mother, sexual reproduction is replaced by artificial reproduction, but the genes are provided by a single person, the individual will have the same genes, even if it is possible that their features can fluctuate. Knowing this it is not possible to obtain an exact copy, compared to the physical each person has groups of cells that are activated at a certain moment that cause changes in his image, his personality, fortunately, would not even be identical, since it depends in a certain measured by the education and motivation they receive and the environment in which they grow up. Furthermore, just as if someone had a hereditary disease, through sexual reproduction they only have a percentage chance that their descendants will inherit it, through cloning they have a 100% chance that they will suffer from it, since through genetic manipulation the defects cannot be correct, but even thinking about a child we can come to the conclusion that when genes are cured by humans a mutation can be produced more easily. The beginning of the history of cloning In February 1997, a group of geneticists led by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced that they had cloned a sheep called Dolly, who looked exactly like her mother. This sheep, born on July 5, 1996, became the first mammal to be cloned and the word has been assimilated into our minds ever since, but scientists had been studying cloning for more than twenty years. The first to succeed were the American biologists Robert Briggs and Thomas King who were the first to clone a frog in..