Sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell anemia, is a genetic disease and red blood cells that are normally disk-shaped instead have a crescent shape. This causes them to have difficulty passing through small vessels throughout the body. A mutation on the hemoglobin Beta gene on chromosome 11 causes sickle cell anemia. For the biochemistry of sickle cell disease, a substitution occurs on amino acid 6. An A nucleotide is replaced by a T nucleotide causing a different codon to be present. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Hemoglobin-beta is a gene that provides information to produce beta-globin proteins. Beta-globin proteins are components of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that when both parents pass on the gene, sickle cell anemia develops, but sickle cell anemia is not sex-linked. There are different types of sickle cell disease (sickle cell disease) but they have similar symptoms. Symptoms vary in severity. Emotional effects on the body may be excessive tiredness or irritability. Some symptoms may be bedwetting, jaundice, swelling and pain in the hands, swelling and pain in the feet, and frequent infections. Additionally, you may experience pain in your chest, back, arms, and legs. In newborns, fussiness may be a symptom. Some diagnostic tests for sickle cell anemia are birth screening, a prenatal test, blood tests, and Hb electrophoresis. In the United States, newborns are tested for sickle cell disease. Treatments for sickle cell anemia include rehydration with intravenous fluids (this helps red blood cells return to their normal shape as they are more likely to take on a sickle shape when dehydrated), treatment of infections as infections can cause a sickle cell crisis or result from one, blood transfusions, supplemental oxygen (to make it easier for patients to breathe and help raise oxygen levels in the blood), painkillers, hydroxyurea (a prescription drug that can help increase fetal hemoglobin production), vaccinations to help prevent infections, and bone marrow transplants have also been used as a treatment for sickle cell disease. Hydroxyurea has a black box warning from the FDA. Hydroxyurea can harm a pregnancy, damage blood vessels, and cause a radiation rash to return. A patient should have a hematologist as their primary healthcare provider or have one who is in regular communication with a hematologist. Bone marrow transplants are the only potential cure for sickle cell disease, and other treatments usually serve to avoid a sickle cell crisis, complications, and relieve symptoms. A sickle cell crisis is a serious attack when blood vessels become blocked or organs in the body are damaged. defective red blood cells. A sickle cell crisis causes a lot of pain. Bone marrow transplants are usually intended for those younger than 16 because there are greater risks for those older than 16. Finding a donor for a bone marrow transplant is difficult, and there are many serious risks to a bone marrow transplant. A healthy diet for people with sickle cell disease can help produce more blood cells, and increased water intake can reduce the chances of a sickle cell crisis. Patients with sickle cell disease can work, but absence from work may be frequent. Their work should not involve extremely high temperatures.