Topic > The role of entanglement in quantum information processing

Entanglement plays an important role in quantum information processing. It has wide applications in the fields of quantum cryptography, secure communications, teleportation and so on. All these protocols involve multi-party involvement which requires local production of the involvement and then its distribution to different parties. These multiparticle entanglements can be of various types depending on the number of qubits. Interestingly, after deployment, the states will interact with the environment and become a mixed state or a less entangled pure state. For the correct execution of most protocols we need a perfect channel, so we must convert the non-maximally entangled state back to the maximally entangled state. The transformation of a less entangled pure state (pure non-maximally entangled state) into a maximally entangled state is known as entanglement concentration, while the transformation of a mixed non-maximally entangled state into a maximally entangled state is known as entanglement purification/distillation. entanglement. In 1996 Bennet et al. [Original ECP] proposed the first entanglement concentration protocol using the collective entanglement concentration procedure (known as Schmidt's projective method). Recently many schemes for ECP and EP have been implemented for different states such as Bennet et al. [EP] implemented ECP for Bell State, Sheng et al. [Sheng-1] implemented ECP for the maximally entangled Bell state, Sheng et al. [Sheng-2] implemented ECP for arbitrary W state, Bose et al. [S. Bose] implemented entanglement exchange based ECP (requires collective measurement of Bell state) for the maximally entangled Bell state, Chaudhury and Dhara implemented ECP for GHZ [Dhara GHZ state] and Cluster [Dhara Cluster state], Zhou et al. [NOON] for states of NOON etc. But we are interested in the entanglement concentration for the Cat state and the GHZ-like state using the non-maximally entangled Bell state through a special type of circuit through which the scheme for the construction of the maximally entangled pure state is proposed. It is interesting to note that up to date, various techniques/strategies have been used for the implementation of entanglement concentration (ECP) and entanglement purification (EP) or distillation protocols, such as linear optics (use of PBS), cross-Kerr nonlinearities (use of QND), purification through entanglement exchange, unitarytranx and quantum electrodynamics (QED) techniques [QED], etc. The rest of the document is organized as follows: In section [sec:Entanglement-concentration-protocols] our scheme for the Cat state and the GHZ-like state with their respective circuits is presented, the efficiency part of Section [ sec:Efficiency] and finally the document concludes in Section [sec:Conclusion].Physica A 337 (2004) 141 – 148=>Vedral et al. proposed the three