In the first study examining the effects of spanking on children's aggression, researchers wanted to see whether or not there was an association between the use of corporal punishment on children children at age 3 and the child's aggression that could potentially occur once they reach age 5. They also wanted to look at any other potential risk factors that might contribute to a mother's use of corporal punishment on the child. For this study, researchers examined samples obtained from another study called the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, which examined a variety of families from twenty large U.S. cities (Taylor, Manganello, Lee, Rice, 2010) . For this study to work, the researchers conducted two separate interviews. The first interview took place at the age of three. During this period, surveyed mothers were asked to indicate their age, ethnicity, education level, household income, religion, and marital status. They were also asked to indicate how many times they had spanked their child for misbehaving. When asked questions about their child, the researchers chose to use a checklist that would allow mothers to provide them with information about their child's behavior. The checklist used was a checklist known as the Child Behavior Checklist which asked various questions ranging from how easily the child gets frustrated, how demanding he is, and how aggressive he is towards other people and animals (Taylor et al ., 2010). ).In the second phase of the study, the interviewers returned and interviewed the same people 2 years later. This time they used a similar checklist to the one used at age 3, however the questions had changed to reflect the child's age. This was because the children were now at the age where they could go to school and socialize with other children, as well as deal with other authority figures other than their parents. According to the study, this questionnaire was about whether or not the child fights, bullies, fights and disobeys at school (Taylor et al..