WSN design includes various disciplines such as databases, query processing, networks, algorithms, and distributed systems. The basic functionality of WSN is generally application dependent, but the following requirements are typical. I) determine the value of a parameter at a given position. II) Detect the occurrence of events of interest and estimate event parameters. III) Classify the detected object. IV) Trace an object. Sensing principles include mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, chromatographic, magnetic, biological, fluidic, optical, ultrasonic, and mass sensing. Sensor networks can be exposed to harsh environments such as high temperature, high noise level or corrosive chemicals. Typical sensor parameters include physical measurement, chemical and biological measurement, and event measurement. The hardware components of WSN shall include sensing and actuation unit, processing unit, communication unit, power supply unit and other application-dependent units. Sensors generally have four basic hardware subsystems. A) Power, B) Computational logic and storage, C) Sensor transducers, D) Communication unit. Sensors have five basic software subsystems. I) Operating system microcode (middleware), II) Sensor drivers, III) Communication processors, IV) Communication drivers, V) Data processing mini-apps. Sensor nodes face certain resource constraints such as energy consumption, communication, computation, and uncertainty in measured parameters. The electromagnetic spectrum provides an unguided medium for point-to-point and/or broadcast radio transmission. A transmission channel is never perfect because it is subjected to noise sources. The following factors are considered in...... half of the document ......ocols involved. The security framework discussed here is useful for designing the system architecture. There are various problems and challenges while designing architecture. Some issues are discussed in this document. The future challenge consists in overcoming the problems stated. The new technology should be able to exploit various possibilities in the precise management of the agricultural sector. In the near future, the agricultural sector will face multiple challenges. Recent trends should address them and help build prototypes successfully. The agricultural sector in the Indian context still uses age-old techniques and it is important to upgrade the entire system. Today's technology will help to get the right crop by analyzing different parameters such as weather, soil temperature and air humidity and will help the farmer maximize his benefits.