Incidence and prevalenceWorldThe communication disorder commonly referred to as "stuttering" affects more people than may be perceived. More than 55-60 million people worldwide suffer from this disorder.2, 3, 4 Constituting 1% of the world's population, stuttering can be caused by a genetic or non-genetic cause. Much research agrees that early intervention is the best way to treat this communication disorder.28USIn the United States alone, there are 3 million Americans who currently stutter.2Racial stuttering is a disorder that can be found everywhere you go. Across all cultures, approximately 1% of people suffer from a stuttering disorder.37 This includes all cultures and races around the world. It is a disorder that can affect people of all ages, regardless of intelligence or socioeconomic status.5Gender:Males: Statistics show that more males than females have stuttering problems; it affects four times more males than females. 6,7,8 However, the sex ratio is not evenly distributed across ages. Around age 2-3, boys and girls are usually equally likely to stutter. By year 1 the sex ratio between boys and girls becomes 3:1, and by year 5 5:1, remaining throughout adulthood.6 Women: Girls start stuttering earlier than boys and recover sooner of boys.3, 6 According to research, the potential elements and causes due to the unequal sex ratio cover various detected biases, under-reporting, X-linked inheritance, different social roles or perhaps even a combination of environmental and genetic elements . Statistical analysis confirms that the sex effect in stuttering is real and supports a threshold model for sex difference.12, 13Age of onset...... middle of paper...... brought with this disorder, such as – epilepsy, anxiety, or depression, have been handed down to treat stuttering.27 However, most researchers have concluded that drug therapy has been largely ineffective in controlling stuttering.17 Electronic devices: Some people use electronic devices to help control fluency.30, 40 These gadgets usually have something that plays digitally in your ear. Basically transferring the modified auditory assessment to conduct stuttering symptoms that one may have when encountered in everyday speaking situations. The results showed that these devices help improve fluency in a short period of time. But questions remain unanswered about how long these effects might actually last and whether people are actually able to use such devices in real-world situations. Researchers are currently studying the long-term effectiveness of these devices in order to find an answer.