Based on information in the attached article, Principal Earnie Graham uses a purely traditional management approach in managing Brittan Elementary School in Sutter, California. He clearly defines his authority when he states that it is within his power to establish rules that promote a positive school environment. He thinks ID badges will make things better at school, so students will wear the badges. This is an example of hierarchy. Management model - The traditional management approach sees the implementation of identification tags as an efficient way to monitor children. Attendance collection is simplified thereby eliminating one layer of record keeping. The principal also notes that there is a risk of reducing vandalism in schools, which reinforces the economic concerns expressed from a managerial perspective. Less vandalism means less expense to repair damage caused by vandals. Another concern of the managerial approach is effectiveness. Graham states in the article that identification tags will improve student safety. Having a way to track students' whereabouts is bound to provide an added measure of safety, whether it's a young person intentionally leaving campus or being physically taken without permission. Graham indicates in the article that kids who boycott wearing badges could be disciplined. This is another example of the traditional management model. Opposition to the hierarchy is not permitted. So even if parents tell their children not to wear the badges, the child will suffer the consequences, not the parent. Insubordination is behavior that will not be tolerated. The two, hierarchy and insubordination, go hand in hand and this is demonstrated in this article. Legal Model Some parents think the badges violate their children's privacy rights. According to the 4th Amendment, people have the "right to security of person, home, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,...". However, how much privacy should a child have in elementary school? Implementing badges is a protection, not a violation. They help determine a student's safe arrival at school. They provide information throughout the day that a student is where they should be. The school has a responsibility to care for the child while they are in their care. Name tags provide a level of security and help carry out that responsibility. The school is legally responsible for ensuring the safety of students while in their care. The main purpose of the school is to educate children. If the principal's suggestion to use ID badges accelerates attendance, safety problems, and vandalism and maximizes the amount of time the school needs to perform its primary function, then no violation has occurred of rights.